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Andrew J. Hoffman, University of Michigan and Ellen Hughes-Cromwick, University of Michigan

(THE CONVERSATION) As the United States endures the longest shutdown in its history, Americans are getting a taste of life without government.

The absence of some services are clearly visible, such as a buildup of trash at national parks or longer lines at airport security checkpoints. Others, like those felt primarily by businesses, are less noticeable but arguably more important, such as a...