ST. LOUIS (AP) — At the beginning of the American Century, premature babies were literally a sideshow exhibit. Visitors would pay to walk through rows of tiny babies in incubators. Hospitals had little regard for "weaklings," as they were known, and desperate parents would flock to these fairs for a chance at survival.

Dawn Raffel, author of "The Strange Case of Dr. Couney: How a Mysterious European Showman Saved Thousands of American Babies," tells the incredible account of a man who revolutionized neonatal care a hundred years ago. In her research, she explored how the exhibit went horribly...